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Fundamentals of Linux



Linux is a Unix-like operating system assembled under the model of free and open source software development and distribution. Fundamentals of Linux will help you learn all the essentials of the Linux command line required to get you started.


  • Multi-user System : resources like  hard disk, memory, application program  are accessible to multiple user at the same time. all computers are connected to main whose resources are availed by all users.


  • Advantages of Linux Multi-user System :

  1. A user uses the connected computer and the peripheral attached to it, say for instance a printer.
  2. Each user can access same data on their own computer.
  3. If one computer in the network gets error then other computers get affected and that system handles this efficiently.
  4. Multiple users can run multiple program each at the same time without interfering with each other or crashing the system.
  • History and Versions of UNIX :
  1. Linux operating system was, modeled on the UNIX operating system.
  2. Journey of UNIX system started in 1996 with Bell Telephone Laboratories, the General Electric Company and Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
  3. In 1969, a simpler version  Multiplexed Information and Computing  System was developed on a PD-7.
  4. In 1971 UNIX  was ported to PD-11 computer however this version was not portable as its assembly code was machine dependent.
  5. In 1974, Fifth Edition of UNIX was released for universities.
  6. In 9191, Linus Torvalds developed a UNIX like operating system i.e. Linux but unlike UNIX, it is a free open source. 
  • Features of UNIX :
  1. Portable.
  2. Multi-user.
  3. Multi programming.
  4. Hierarchical file system.
  5. Shell.
  6. Communication.
  7. Security.





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